Composition and nutritional value of compound feed for livestock animals and poultry

Objective of the lesson. To study the composition and nutritional value of rations for various types of livestock animals.

Task 1. To familiarize with the composition of compound feeds for various types of livestock animals and poultry.

Methodology. V. G. Ryadchikov proposed compound feed compositions and approximate rations for livestock animals and poultry.

The composition of the starter for 0–2 month old calves is presented in Table 1.

Table 1 – Composition of the starter for 0–2 month old calves (pellets)

Ingredients, % Based on corn Based on wheat

1 2 3 Ground corn 30 – Ground wheat – 40 Wheat flour 15 15 Polished rice 2 2 Gluten feed 13.96 1.12 Soybean meal 15.00 13.91 Corn gluten 11.93 15.06 Dried milk 4.00 4.00 Dry baker's yeast 2.00 2.00 Salt 0.20 0.20 Molasses 1.00 1.00 Di Ca-P 0.1 0.30 CaCO3 2.05 1.93 MgO 0.13 0.13 KCl 0.07 0.40 L-lysine (78 %) 0.11 0.11 L-threonine (98 %) 0.01 0.02 Bentonite 1.12 1.50 Neomycin 0.05 0.05 Terramycin 0.05 0.05 Vitamin-mineral complex 1.22 1.22 Contains: DM, % 89.6 88.2 CP, % 23.0 23.3 NDF 15.44 13.43

1 2 3 ADF 5.24 3.87 NSC 38.84 41.63 Starch 25.60 25.00 Fat 3.65 2.54 Ash 7.30 6.55 Ca 0.88 0.93 P 0.50 0.54 ME, MJ/kg DM 19.75 19.41

Table 2 presents the ration and nutritional value of the starter compound feed for piglets.

Table 2 – Compound feed – starter for weaned piglets

Components Max, % Contains in compound feed Extruded corn 32.2 Total tryptophan, % 0.29 Dried whey 20.0 SID tryptophan, % 0.26 Dried porcine plasma 9.0 Ca, % 0.90 Fish meal (high quality) 6.0 Total P, % 0.66 Extruded semi-fat soybean 12.0 Available P, % 0.52 Lactose 15.0 Vitamin A, IU/kg 12000 Salolard 3.0 Vitamin D3, IU/kg 1200 Vit. micronutrient premix 1.0 Vitamin E, mg/kg 40 Chalk 1.1 Vitamin K3, mg/kg 3 Mono-Ca-P 0.1 Vitamin B2, mg/kg 8 Salt 0.5 Vitamin B12, mcg/kg 30 Methionine 0.1 Choline chloride, mg/kg 300

Biotin, mg/kg 0.08 Total: 100 Folic acid, mg/kg 1.0

Contains in compound feed Vitamin PP (B5), mg/kg 30.0 Metabolizable energy, MJ/kg 14.7 Ca-pantothenate (B3), mg/kg 20.0 Crude protein, % 22.0 Fe, mg/kg 150 Crude fiber, % 1.3 ZnO, g/kg 3 Total lysine, % 1.45 Mn, mg/kg 50 SID lysine, % 1.30 I, mg/kg 0.3 Total methionine + cystine, % 0.87 Se (via sel-plex), mg/kg 0.3 SID methionine + cystine, % 0.78 Cu, mg/kg 25 Total threonine, % 0.98 Co, mg/kg 0.3 SID threonine, % 0.86

The consumption of balanced compound feed by egg-type cross chicks is presented in Table 3, and by adult hens in Table 4.

Table 3 – Feed consumption during the chick rearing period of egg-type crosses

Daily per head Total per week, per head Age in weeks

Table 4 – Feed consumption by adult hen

Daily per head Age in weeks Age in weeks per head

1 2 3 4 5 6

17 67 208 49 102 289

18 72 210 50 102 289

19 78 220 51 102 289

20 83 240 52 102 289

21 88 260 53 103 290

22 91 270 54 103 290

23 93 275 55 103 290

24 95 280 56 103 290

25 97 283 57 103 290

26 97 284 58 103 290

27 98 284 59 103 290

28 98 284 60 103 290

29 98 285 61 103 291

30 99 285 62 104 291

31 99 286 63 104 291

1 2 3 4 5 6

32 100 286 64 104 291

33 100 286 65 104 291

34 100 286 66 104 291

35 100 286 67 104 291

36 100 286 68 105 291

37 100 286 69 105 291

38 100 286 70 105 292

39 100 286 71 105 292

40 101 287 72 105 292

41 101 287 73 105 292

42 101 287 74 105 292

43 101 287 75 105 292

44 101 288 76 106 292

45 101 288 77 106 292

46 101 288 78 106 292

47 101 288 79 106 292

48 102 289 80 106 292

Compound feed recipes for laying hens, young stock, and meat-type breeds, broiler chicks with an average daily gain of 40 g are presented in Tables 5, 6, 7.

Table 5 – Compound feed recipes for laying hens, %

Components Option No. 1 Option No. 2 Option No. 3

1 2 3 4 Feed wheat 50.00 54.00 49.00 Barley unhulled 19.43 14.20 17.67 Soybean meal (CP 34 %,

– 7 6 SKL 17 %) Meat-and-bone meal

7.48 5.23 7.00 (CP 36 %) Fish meal (CP 62 %) 4.00 2.00 4.00 Sunflower oil 1.00 4.46 1.00 Feed yeast (CP 40 %) 5.86 – 2.10 Lysine (monohydrochloride) 0.04 0.01 0.05 Methionine 0.16 0.13 0.16 Table salt 0.15 0.13 0.15

1 2 3 4 Defluorinated phosphate

0.26 0.90 0.62 (Ca 30 %, P 18 %) Limestone 8.89 8.44 8.54

100 g of compound feed contains: metabolizable energy, kcal/100 g 260 270 269 crude protein, % 15.4 16.2 15.6 crude fiber, % 3.04 3.16 3.34 linoleic acid 1.4 1.90 2.02 lysine, % 0.73 0.79 0.76 Methionine % 0.37 0.40 0.38 Methionine + cystine, % 0.58 0.63 0.61 Calcium, % 3.41 3.41 3.41 Total phosphorus, % 0.62 0.64 0.65 Available phosphorus, % 0.40 0.43 0.43 Sodium, % 0.15 0.15 0.15

Table 6 – Recipes for complete compound feeds for replacement

1–7 8–23 24–29 50 and older

1 2 3 4 5 Corn 30 – 25 29 Wheat 38 46 35.4 16 Barley – 30 10 30 Sunflower meal 17.5 5 7 3 Wheat bran – 3 – – Feed yeast 3 4 4 4 Fish meal from non-food

6 – 5 4 fish (51–55 %) Meat-and-bone meal

– 2 – – (36–40 %) Grass meal 3 6 5 5 Bone meal – 1.4 0.9 1.8 Chalk, shell 1.5 1.2 6.3 5.7 Table salt – 0.4 0.4 0.5 Premix 1 1 1 1.0 Total 100 100 100 100

1 2 3 4 5 100 g of compound feed contains, %: metabolizable energy,

1.214 1.090 1.130 1.110 MJ same, kcal 290.4 261.7 269.9 265.0 crude protein 20.0 15.2 16.1 14.0 crude fat 3.04 2.4 2.7 2.8 crude fiber 3.6 5.3 4.4 4.4 Calcium 1.01 1.13 2.79 2.7 Phosphorus 0.75 0.72 0.73 0.73 Sodium 0.17 0.23 0.29 0.30 Lysine 1.04 0.56 0.69 0.72 methionine 0.32 0.23 0.28 0.24 Cystine 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.21

Added per 1 compound feed, g: Lysine – 2000 150 – methionine 1400 – 470 360

Table 7 – Compound feed recipes for an average daily gain of 40 g

1–3 4–5 6–7

1 2 3 4 Feed wheat 42.00 44.67 46.64 Hull-less oats 20.50 20.50 20.50 Barley

– – – unhulled Sunflower cake 6.6 8.28 10.0 Sunflower meal – – – Soybean meal 16.58 10.64 5.87 Rapeseed meal – – Meat-and-bone meal 2.00 4.00 4.18 Fish meal 5.23 5.13 6.00 Sunflower oil 4.00 4.50 5.00 Feed yeast – – – Lysine

0.23 0.21 0.09 (monohydrochloride) Methionine 0.18 0.16 0.15

1 2 3 4 Table salt 0.12 0.04 – Defluorinated phosphate (Ca 30 %, 0.85 0.26 – P 18 %) Limestone 0.71 0.61 0.57 Premix 1 1 1

100 g of compound feed contains, % Metabolizable energy,

310 315 320 kcal/100 g Crude protein, % 22.7 21.5 19.7 Crude fiber, % 4.49 4.49 4.52 Linolenic

3.12 3.39 3.67 acid, % Lysine, % 1.23 1.11 0.94 Methionine, % 0.54 0.50 0.50 Methionine +

0.84 0.79 0.76 cystine, % Calcium, % 1.0 0.95 0.90 Total phosphorus, % 0.71 0.69 0.66 Available phosphorus, %

0.48 0.45 0.42 Sodium, % 0.16 0.16 0.16

Compound feed recipes for turkeys under different housing conditions and for toms are presented in Table 8.

Table 8 – Compound feed recipes for turkeys and toms

1 2 3 4 5 Corn 25.0 35.0 30.5 34.0 Wheat – – 15.0 – Barley 29.0 24.0 14.0 25.4 Oats – 2.0 – – Millet – 11.2 10.0 19.4 Peas 2.0 – 2.0 – Sunflower meal 5.0 7.0 6.0 4.0 Feed yeast 2.0 2.8 3.0 3.0

1 2 3 4 5 Fish meal 7.0 5.5 6.0 4.0 Meat and bone meal – 2.0 5.0 2.5 Grass meal 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 Bone meal – 2.0 – 1.8 Chalk, shell 4.8 3.0 2.0 0.6 Salt 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 Total: 100 100 100 100

100 g of compound feed contains %: metabolizable energy: kcal 266.6 275.0 272.0 280.0 MJ 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.17 crude protein 16.5 16.0 17.0 16.0 crude fiber 5.6 5.6 4.48 5.70 calcium 2.3 2.7 3.0 1.5 phosphorus 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 sodium 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

Tables 9 and 10 present recipes for complete compound feeds for replacement young stock and broiler poults, for turkeys under a combined feeding system.

Table 9 – Daily ration for turkeys under a combined feeding system

Components Content, g Components Content, g Corn 126.0 The ration contains, g: Wheat 20.9 Metabolizable energy, kcal 725.3 Sunflower meal 28.6 same, MJ 3.04 Feed yeast 11.0 Crude protein 41.2 Fish meal from

7.7 Crude fiber 11.2 non-food fish Meat and bone meal 10.6 Crude fat 8.56 Chalk, shell 15.8 Calcium 7.27 Feed fat

1.1 Phosphorus 1.74 Animal Salt 0.5 Sodium 0.80 Premix (P1-1) 2.2 Lysine 1.74 Potato 120.0 Methionine+cystine 1.3

Per 1 t of dry mixture Corn silage 50.0

394.4 Lysine 800 per day, g Including dry

260.0 Methionine 1820 matter, g

Table 10 – Recipes for complete compound feeds for replacement

1–4 5–13 14–17 18–30 Corn 39 45 43 32 Wheat – 9.5 10 10 Barley – – 4.5 34 Sunflower meal (40–45 %) 17 11 10 3 Soybean meal (40–45 %) 12 9 6 – Feed yeast (40–45 %) 5 5 6 4 Fish meal from non-food fish 10.4 7.3 5.6 3 (51–55 %) Meat and bone meal (36–40 %) 7 5 3 1 Dry skimmed milk 5 – – – Grass meal 2 3 5 7.7 Tricalcium phosphate, bone meal – – – 1.1 Chalk, limestone, shell 0.6 1.9 2.7 2.7 Feed fat 1 2.3 3.0 – Salt – – 0.2 0.5 Premix 1(P5-1) 1(P4-1) 1(P4-1) 1(P4-1) Total: 100 100 100 100

100 g of compound feed contains, %: metabolizable energy, MJ 1.22 1.25 1.25 1.13 metabolizable energy, kcal 290.0 300.0 300.0 270.0 crude protein 28.1 22.1 20.0 14.2 crude fat 4.9 5.9 6.2 2.9 crude fiber 4.9 4.3 4.6 5.0 calcium 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 phosphorus 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 sodium 0.39 0.27 0.30 0.31 lysine 1.540 1.126 0.978 0.620 methionine+cystine 0.930 0.790 0.629 0.447 Added per 1 t of compound feed, g: lysine – 640 920 1410 methionine 700 – 810 600

Recipes for complete compound feeds for various crosses and young ducks are presented in Tables 11 and 13.

Table 11 – Recipes for complete compound feeds for ducks, % variant 1 variant 2 variant 3 variant 4 Corn 29.00 29 – 24 Wheat 12.65 26 40 21 Hulled barley 20.00 11 29 20 Wheat bran 8.00 – – – Sunflower meal 5.00 10 7 11 Hydrolyzed yeast 3.00 5 5 5 Fish meal 4.00 1 2 31 Meat and bone meal 2.00 2 2.2 2 Feed fat – – 1.9 1.1 Grass meal 10.0 8 5.0 5 Defluorinated phosphate – 0.9 0.8 1.1 Chalk 5.00 5.6 5.6 5.0 Salt 0.35 0.5 0.5 0.7 Premix P1-1 1 1 1 1

Added per 1 t of compound feed, g: Lysine – 720 550 290 Methionine 200 1100 1020 975

100 g of compound feed contains, %: metabolizable energy, MJ 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.13 crude protein 16.2 16.2 16.2 17.2 crude fiber 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.0 calcium 2.31 2.50 2.50 2.5 phosphorus 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 sodium 0.38 0.31 0.30 0.4 lysine without additive, mg 786 638 655 720 methionine+cystine

541 497 506 550 without additive, mg

Table 12 – Recipes for complete compound feeds for young ducks, %

1–3 weeks 4–8 weeks 1–3 weeks 4–7 weeks 9–21 weeks 8–25 weeks

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Corn 10 24 34 29 – 12 Wheat 49 50 37 42 40 47 Barley 16.5 5.3 – – 24.2 27

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wheat bran – – 5 – 16.4 – Sunflower meal 7 5 9 12 – 4 Hydrolyzed yeast 4 3 5 2 5 – Dry skimmed milk – – 7 – – – Fish meal 7 5 2 2 4 1 Meat and bone meal – 2 – – – – Grass meal 4 3 3 3 6 3 Bone meal – – – 1.5 – 1.5 Salt 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 Premix P2-1 1 1 1 1 1(P4-1) 1(P4-1) Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

100 g of compound feed contains, g: metabolizable energy Kcal 277 295 285 298 253 272 MJ 1.16 1.24 1.19 1.25 1.07 1.14 crude protein 4.94 3.84 4.2 5.1 5.7 4.7 crude fiber 4.94 3.84 4.2 5.1 5.7 4.7 calcium 1.2 1.16 1.2 1.1 1.45 1.6 phosphorus 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 sodium 0.37 0.35 0.3 0.40 0.32 0.46 methionine+cystine 657 550 500 450 467 450 lysine 911 756 970 850 664 540 tryptophan 201 185 202 180 214 207

Additives per 1 t of compound feed, g: lysine 890 1340 700 80 1100 550 methionine 430 700 220 180 700 95

Table 13 – Recipes for complete granulated compound feeds for replacement young stock of rabbits, % by mass

60–150 90–160 45–90 90–165

91-3-89 91-4-89 1995 1995

Grass meal 40 30 25 30

Straw meal 23 27 24 35

Oats, feed wheat 18 7 9 5

Wheat bran 7.7 9 13 7

Regenerated milk (milk replacer) 0.7 3

Fish meal from non-food fish 0.3 1 2

Feed yeast 1 1 0.5 0.5

Salt 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Premix P90-2 1 1 1 1

Metabolizable energy, 0.9 0.81 1.09 0.82

Dry matter, g 86.3 86.2 87.9 87.3

Crude protein, g 15.8 15.4 21.16 14.46

Digestible protein, g 11.6 11.5 17.4 10.6

Crude fiber, g 14.0 16.8 9.61 18.3

Calcium, g 0.78 0.74 0.98 0.71

Phosphorus, g 0.63 0.58 0.67 0.42

Iron, g 33.7 33 33.5 33.6

Copper, mg 2.7 2.71 2.7 2.7

Zinc. Mg 8.7 8.67 8.3 7.8

Manganese. Mg 7.99 8.2 6.5 7.5

Carotene, mg 6.0 4.5 3.8 4.5

Task 2. Comprehend the approximate rations for cattle, poultry, sheep, goats, rabbits.

For replacement heifers from 3 to 6 months of age, a ration is proposed that ensures an average daily gain of 900 g.

Table 14 – Ration for calves aged 3–6 months, l. w. 96–177 kg,

Feed DM, kg DM, % SM, kg SM, % Corn silage 1.50 27.5 0.52 14.2 Alfalfa haylage 0.70 12.8 0.29 7.9 Alfalfa hay 0.35 6.4 0.29 7.9 Barley 0.40 7.3 0.35 9.5 Corn 1.00 18.3 0.88 23.3 Bran 0.30 5.5 0.26 7.1 Soybean cake 0.50 9.2 0.45 12.3 Sunflower cake 0.45 8.3 0.41 11.2 Mineral-vitamin supplement for calves

0.21 3.9 0.18 5.0 0–6 months Salt 0.022 0.4 0.02 0.5 Chalk 0.022 0.4 0.02 0.4 Total 5.45 100 3.67 100

Per head/day Standard Per 1 kg SM Standard SM, kg 3.67 3.60 – – ME, MJ 40.0 39.6 10.9 11.0 CP, g 620 549 169 165 RDP, g 172 173 47 48 RUP, g 448 421 122 117 CF, g 46 45 12.5 12.5 Ca, g 25.7 25.2 7.0 7.0 P, g 16.5 14.4 4.5 4.0 NaCl, g 14.7 14.4 4.0 4.0

Tables 15–24 present rations for cows, heifers, and calves of various ages and physiological stages.

Approximate rations for cows and heifers

Table 15 – Ration for cows and heifers (transition period)

21–0 days before calving, l. w. (together with fetus) 625 kg

Nutritional data per head/day: