Feeding standards and amino acid composition of diets for livestock animals and poultry

** Crude fiber, % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45

SID amino acids, % of natural feed* Lysine 0.77 0.81 0.84 0.77 0.81 0.84 0.89 0.91 Methionine 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 Methionine+cystine*** 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.53 0.54 Tryptophan 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 Threonine 0.50 0.53 0.55 0.50 0.53 0.55 0.58 0.59 Isoleucine 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.51 0.52 Leucine 0.77 0.81 0.84 0.77 0.81 0.84 0.89 0.91 Arginine 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.36 Histidine 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.28 Valine 0.52 0.55 0.57 0.52 0.55 0.57 0.61 0.62 Phenylalanine 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.49 0.50 Phenylalanine+tyrosine*** 0.75 0.79 0.81 0.75 0.79 0.81 0.86 0.88

Total amino acids, % of natural feed* Lysine 0.91 0.95 0.98 0.90 0.95 0.99 1.05 1.07 Methionine 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.34 Methionine+cystine*** 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.53 0.56 0.58 0.62 0.63 Tryptophan 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.19 Threonine 0.59 0.62 0.64 0.59 0.62 0.64 0.68 0.70 Isoleucine 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.51 0.54 0.56 0.60 0.61 Leucine 0.91 0.95 0.98 0.90 0.95 0.99 1.05 1.07 Arginine 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.43 Histidine 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.33 0.33 Valine 0.62 0.65 0.67 0.61 0.65 0.67 0.71 0.73 Phenylalanine 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.58 0.59 Phenylalanine+tyrosine*** 0.88 0.92 0.95 0.87 0.92 0.96 1.02 1.04

Table 9 – Energy and amino acid requirements for boars

Indicators Standard ME, MJ/kg 13.38 ME, MJ/day 28.45

* Feed intake, kg/day 2.13 Crude protein, % 14.0

** Crude fiber, % 5.0 0.4 Total amino acids, % of natural feed (87–90% dry matter) Lysine 0.60 Methionine 0.16 Methionine+cystine 0.42 Tryptophan 0.12 Threonine 0.50 Isoleucine 0.35 Leucine 0.51 Arginine ‒ Histidine 0.19 Valine 0.40 Phenylalanine 0.33 Phenylalanine+tyrosine 0.57

Approximate mineral and vitamin requirements for growing pigs, pregnant and lactating sows, and stud boars are proposed in % or per 1 kg of natural feed.

The amino acid composition of ideal protein has been determined and nutrient standards have been developed for young poultry, laying hens, and broilers – chicks during the rearing process. Table 10 – Amino acid composition of egg protein, chick body Amino acid ratio g/100 g g/100 g ratio g/100 g ratio protein protein lysine=100 % protein lysine=100 %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lysine 7.1 100 7.52 100 7.3 100 Histidine 2.4 33.8 2.72 36.2 2.6 35.0 Arginine 7.1 100 6.5 86.4 6.8 93.0 Threonine 5.1 71.8 4.6 61.2 4.8 66.0 Methionine 2.6 36.6 2.5 33.2 2.6 36.0 Cystine 1.7 23.9 1.2 16.0 2.6 36.0 Methionine+cystine 4.3 60.6 3.7 49.2 5.0 72.0 Tryptophan 1.5 21.1 1.4 18.6 1.5 20.0 Valine 5.8 81.7 5.5 73.1 5.6 77.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Isoleucine 5.6 78.9 5.6 74.5 5.6 77.0 Leucine 8.5 119.7 8.7 115.7 8.5 117.0 Phenylalanine 4.3 60.6 4.2 55.9 4.2 58.0 Tyrosine 4.3 60.6 3.4 45.2 3.9 53.0 Phenylalanine+

8.6 121.1 7.6 101.6 8.1 111.0 tyrosine Glycine 3.2 45.1 6.8 90.4 3.4 46.5 Alanine 5.3 74.6 5.0 66.5 5.4 74.0 Glycine+alanine 8.5 119.7 11.8 156.9 8.8 120.5

Table 11 – Recommended feeding standards during the rearing of young poultry and pullets in the pre-laying and pre-peak periods

0–6 6–8 8–16

Body weight weeks 16–18 weeks 18 weeks

Nutrients Protein, % (min) 20 18 16 15.5 17.5 Metabolizable energy,

2915–3025 2915–3025 2860–3025 2915–2970 2915–2970 Kcal/kg(1) Linoleic acid, % (min)

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5

Amino acids Arginine, % 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.88 1.10 Lysine, % 1.10 0.90 0.75 0.75 0.88 Methionine, % 0.48 0.44 0.39 0.36 0.48 Methionine+Cystine, %

0.80 0.73 0.65 0.60 0.82 Tryptophan, % 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.17 Threonine, % 0.75 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.68

Minerals Calcium, % 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.75(3) 4.00(4) Phosphorus: Total, % 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.78 0.78 Available, % 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.50 0.50 Sodium, % (5) 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 Chlorides, % 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 Potassium, % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Table 12 – Feeding standards during the egg-laying period per bird per day

Indicator 50% prod. – 58 weeks +(2)

16.00– Protein, g/bird(1) 16.50–17.00 15.50–15.75 15.00–15.25

16.50 Methionine, mg/bird 400 376 352 327 Methionine+Cystine, mg/bird

660 620 580 540 Lysine, mg/bird 900 860 820 785 Tryptophan, mg/bird 175 170 165 160 Calcium, g/bird 4.10 4.25 4.40 4.55 Phosphorus (total), g/bird 0.78 0.70 0.63 0.55 Phosphorus (available), g/bird

0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 Sodium, mg/bird 180 180 180 180 Chloride, mg/bird 160 160 160 160

Table 13 – Recommended nutrient content in rations

Age Days 0 – 14 14–28 29 to slaughter

Crude protein % 22–25 20–22 18–20

Energy per kg Kcal 3010 3175 3225

MJ 12.60 13.30 13.50

TAA SAA TAA SAA TAA SAA Arginine % 1.48 1.33 1.28 1.16 1.07 0.96 Isoleucine % 0.95 0.84 0.82 0.72 0.68 0.60 Lysine % 1.44 1.27 1.23 1.08 1.00 0.88 Methionine % 0.51 0.47 0.45 0.41 0.37 0.34 Methionine+cystine % 1.09 0.94 0.95 0.82 0.80 0.69 Threonine % 0.93 0.80 0.80 0.69 0.68 0.58 Tryptophan % 0.25 0.22 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.16 Valine % 1.09 0.94 0.94 0.81 0.78 0.67

Minerals Calcium % 1.00 0.90 0.85 Available phosphorus % 0.50 0.45 0.42 Magnesium % 0.05–0.5 0.05–0.5 0.05–0.5 Sodium % 0.16 0.16 0.16 Chlorides % 0.16–0.22 0.16–0.22 0.16–0.22 Potassium % 0.40–0.90 0.40–0.90 0.40–0.90

Microelements (per kg) Copper mg 8 8 8 Iodine mg 1 1 1 Iron mg 80 80 80 Manganese mg 100 100 100 Molybdenum mg 1 1 1 Selenium mg 0.15 0.15 0.10 Zinc mg 80 80 60 wheat-based wheat-based wheat-based corn-based corn-based corn-based Vitamin A IU 15000 14000 12000 11000 12000 11000 Vitamin D3 IU 5000 5000 5000 5000 4000 4000 Vitamin E IU 75 75 50 50 50 50 Vitamin K mg 4 4 3 3 2 2 Thiamine (B1) mg 3 3 2 2 2 2 Riboflavin (B2) mg 8 8 6 6 5 5 Nicotinic acid mg 60 70 60 70 35 40 Pantothenic acid mg 20 18 20 18 20 Pyridoxine mg 5 4 4 3 3 2 Biotin mg 0.20 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.05 0.05 Folic acid mg 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.50 Vitamin B12 mg 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.011 0.011 Choline/kg mg 1800 1600 1400 Linoleic acid % 1.25 1.20 1.00

Feeding standards for lactating sheep

Table 14 presents the feeding standards for lactating sheep.