Exemplary feeding rations for lactating cows during different lactation periods

Table 16 – Diet for cows in the post-calving lactation period 0–21 days, l.w. 600 kg, daily milk yield 30 kg, milk fat 3.9%, milk protein 3.3%

Feed AF, kg AF, % DM, kg DM, %

1 2 3 4 5 Corn silage 12.1 41.0 4.0 23.5 Alfalfa haylage 5.30 18.0 2.20 12.9 Alfalfa hay 1.60 5.4 1.35 8.0 Wheat bran 0.40 1.4 0.34 2.0 Corn dry (ground) 3.70 12.5 3.27 19.2 Dry beet pulp 0.45 1.5 0.41 2.4 Molasses 0.55 1.9 0.43 2.5 Soybean cake 3.53 12.0 3.25 19.1 Sunflower cake 0.63 2.1 0.57 3.4 Protected fat 0.63 2.1 0.57 3.4 Premix for lactating cows 0.18 0.60 0.17 1.0

1 2 3 4 5 Chalk 0.21 0.70 0.20 1.2 Salt 0.12 0.40 0.12 0.7 Baking soda 0.12 0.40 0.12 0.7 Total 29.5 100 17.0 100 per head/day Standard in 1 kg DM Standard

ME, MJ 209 221 12.3 13.0

CP, g 2788 2788 164 164

RDP, g 952 1020 56 60

NDF, g 5525 5100 325 300

Ca, g 155 133 9.1 7.8

P, g 56 57.8 3.3 3.4

NaCl, g 119 119 7.0 7.0

Table 17 – Diet for lactating cows in the 120–220 days postpartum period, l.w. 600 kg, daily milk yield 20 kg, milk fat 3.9%, protein 3.3%

Feed AF, kg AF, % DM, kg DM, %

1 2 3 4 5 Corn silage 14.00 45.5 4.90 29.3 Alfalfa haylage 6.00 19.5 2.39 14.3 Alfalfa hay 1.36 4.4 1.13 6.8 Wheat bran 0.90 3.0 0.79 4.6 Corn (ground) 3.53 11.5 3.11 18.6 Dry beet pulp 1.00 3.2 0.86 5.5 Soybean cake 2.41 7.8 2.17 13.0 Molasses 0.50 1.6 0.44 2.6 Sunflower meal 0.52 1.7 0.47 2.8 Premix for lactating cows 0.18 0.6 0.16 1.0 Salt 0.09 0.3 0.08 0.45 Chalk 0.18 0.6 0.16 1.0 Soda 0.09 0.3 0.08 0.45 Total 30.8 100 16.7 100

Per head/day Standard in 1 kg DM Standard DM, kg 16.7 16.7 – – ME, MJ 177 177 10.6 10.6 CP, g 2338 2422 140 145

1 2 3 4 5 RDP, g 718 835 43 50 NDF, g 5311 5344 318 320 ADF, g 3223 3474 193 208 NFC, g 6981 6847 418 410 Ca, g 145 104 8.7 6.2 P, g 54.3 53.4 3.25 3.2 NaCl, g 83.5 83.5 5 5 Mg, g 35.1 23.4 2.1 1.4

Table 18 – Diet for lactating cows in the 220 days postpartum and later period, l.w. 600 kg, daily milk yield 12 kg, fat 3.9%, protein 3.3%

Feed AF, kg AF, % DM, kg DM, % Corn silage 14.40 48.0 4.7 30.0 Alfalfa haylage 5.90 19.7 2.4 15.4 Alfalfa hay 1.95 6.5 1.6 10.3 Wheat bran 1.00 3.3 0.88 5.6 Soybean cake 1.42 4.6 1.28 8.2 Dry beet pulp 0.53 1.8 0.48 3.1 Sunflower meal 1.00 3.3 0.90 5.8 Molasses 0.40 1.3 0.32 2.1 Corn dry (ground) 3.10 10.3 2.70 17.3 Premix for lactating cows 0.17 0.6 0.16 1.0 Salt 0.07 0.2 0.064 0.4 Chalk 0.12 0.4 0.12 0.8 Total 30.0 100 15.6 100 per head/day Standard in 1 kg DM Standard DM, kg 15.6 15.6 – – ME, MJ 156 156 10.0 10.0 CP, g 2153 2106 138 135 RDP, g 593 655 38 42 RUP, g 1560 1451 103 93 NDF, g 5226 5148 335 330 ADF, g 3058 3276 196 210 CF, g 2964 – 190 – NFC, g 6318 5928 405 380 Ca (total), g 149.8 96.7 9.6 6.2 P (total), g 60.8 56.2 3.9 3.6 Mg, g 32.8 23.4 2.1 1.5 NaCl, g 62.4 62.4 4.0 4.0

Table 19 – Diet for cows in the 1st dry period, 225–265 days of pregnancy (60–20 days before calving), l.w. 580–600 kg, BCS = 3

Feed AF, kg AF, % DM, kg DM, % Corn silage 14.0 56.80 5.29 43.7 Alfalfa haylage 5.5 22.30 2.45 20.2 Alfalfa hay 4.0 16.20 3.36 27.8 Wheat straw 0.5 2.13 0.45 3.7 Sunflower meal 0.5 2.02 0.42 3.5 Premix for dry cows 0.12 0.50 0.12 1.0 Salt 0.012 0.05 0.01 0.1 Total 24.63 100 12.10 100 per head/day Standard in 1 kg DM Standard DM, kg 12.1 12 – – ME, MJ 108.9 102 9.0 8.5 CP, g 1355 1296 112 108 RDP, g 363 300 30 25 RUP, g 992 996 82 83 NDF, g 5687 6000 470 500 ADF, g 3691 3840 305 320 CF, g 3267 3180 270 265 NFC, g 3787 3480 313 290 Ca (total), g 79.1 54 6.54 4.5 Ca (avail.), g 27.8 18.7 2.30 1.56 P (total), g 28.8 27.6 2.38 2.3 P (avail), g 17.5 17.6 1.45 1.47 Mg, g 30.2 19.2 2.5 1.6 NaCl, g 14.5 14.5 1.2 1.2

Table 20 – Diet for calves aged 3-6 months, l.w. 96–177 kg,

Feed AF, kg AF, % DM, kg DM, %

1 2 3 4 5 Corn silage 1.50 27.5 0.52 14.2 Alfalfa haylage 0.70 12.8 0.29 7.9 Alfalfa hay 0.35 6.4 0.29 7.9 Barley 0.40 7.3 0.35 9.5 Corn 1.00 18.3 0.88 23.3 Bran 0.30 5.5 0.26 7.1 Soybean cake 0.50 9.2 0.45 12.3 Sunflower cake 0.45 8.3 0.41 11.2 Protein-vitamin-mineral supplement for calves 0-6 months 0.21 3.9 0.18 5.0 Salt 0.022 0.4 0.02 0.5

1 2 3 4 5 Chalk 0.022 0.4 0.02 0.4 Total 5.45 100 3.67 100

Per head/day Standard in 1 kg DM Standard DM, kg 3.67 3.60 – – ME, MJ 40.0 39.6 10.9 11.0 CP, g 620 549 169 165 RDP, g 172 173 47 48 RUP, g 448 421 122 117 CF, g 46 45 12.5 12.5 Ca, g 25.7 25.2 7.0 7.0 P, g 16.5 14.4 4.5 4.0 NaCl, g 14.7 14.4 4.0 4.0

Table 21 – Diet for replacement heifers aged 6–12 months, l.w.

177–330 kg, daily weight gain 850 g.

Feed AF, kg AF, % DM, kg DM, %

1 2 3 4 5 Corn silage 4.40 41.8 1.74 29.0 Alfalfa haylage 2.20 20.9 0.90 15.0 Alfalfa hay 1.50 14.3 1.20 20.0 Wheat bran 0.50 4.8 0.40 7.6 Soybean cake 0.46 4.4 0.41 6.8 Sunflower cake 0.46 4.4 0.41 6.8 Corn (ground) 0.55 5.2 0.49 8.2 Barley (ground) 0.34 3.2 0.30 5.1 Premix for heifers

0.07 0.7 0.06 1.0 and pregnant heifers Salt 0.022 0.2 0.02 0.3 Chalk 0.011 0.1 0.01 0.2 Total 10.513 100 6.0 100

Per head/day Standard in 1 kg DM Standard DM, kg 6 6 – – ME, MJ 57.6 57.6 9.6 9.6 CP, g 846 840 141 140 RDP, g 246 258 41 43 NDF, g 2100 1980 350 330 ADF, g 1080 1200 180 200

1 2 3 4 5 CF, g 1218 1230 203 205 NFC, g 2460 2400 410 400 Ca (total), g 39 36 6.5 6 Ca (avail.), g 27 21 4.5 3.5 P (total), g 27 16.8 4.5 2.8 P (avail.), g 22.2 13.8 3.7 2.3 NaCl, g 24 24 4.0 4.0

Table 22 – Diet for replacement heifers aged 12 months, l.w. 350 kg, daily weight gain 850 g

Feed AF, kg AF, % DM, kg DM, % Corn silage 4.40 41.8 1.74 29.0 Alfalfa haylage 2.20 20.9 0.90 15.0 Alfalfa hay 1.50 14.3 1.20 20.0 Wheat bran 0.50 4.8 0.40 7.6 Soybean cake 0.46 4.4 0.41 6.8 Sunflower cake 0.46 4.4 0.41 6.8 Corn (ground) 0.55 5.2 0.49 8.2 Barley (ground) 0.34 3.2 0.30 5.1 Premix for heifers and pregnant heifers 0.07 0.7 0.06 1.0 Salt 0.022 0.2 0.02 0.3 Chalk 0.011 0.1 0.01 0.2 Total 10.513 100 6.0 100

Per head/day Standard in 1 kg DM Standard DM, kg 6 6 – – ME, MJ 57.6 57.6 9.6 9.6 CP, g 846 840 141 140 RDP, g 246 258 41 43 NDF, g 2100 1980 350 330 ADF, g 1080 1200 180 200 CF, g 1218 1230 203 205 NFC, g 2460 2400 410 400 Ca (total), g 39 36 6.5 6 Ca (avail.), g 27 21 4.5 3.5 P (total), g 27 16.8 4.5 2.8 P (avail.), g 22.2 13.8 3.7 2.3 NaCl, g 24 24 4.0 4.0

Table 23 – Diet for replacement heifers aged 12–16 months, l.w. 330–426 kg, daily weight gain = 800 g

Feed AF, kg AF, % DM, kg DM, % Corn silage 10.0 61.0 3.96 50.2 Alfalfa haylage 3.3 20.1 1.240 15.7 Alfalfa hay 1.1 6.8 0.910 11.5 Corn (ground) 0.66 4.0 0.59 7.5 Barley 0.55 3.4 0.480 6.1 Soybean meal 0.33 2.0 0.300 3.8 Sunflower meal 0.33 2.0 0.300 3.8 Premix for heifers

0.08 0.5 0.080 1.0 and heifers Salt 0.016 0.1 0.014 0.2 Chalk 0.016 0.1 0.014 0.2 Total 16.4 100 7.89 100

Per head/day Norm In 1 kg DM Norm DM, kg 7.9 7.9 – – ME, MJ 75.8 75.1 9.6 9.5 CP, g 1090 988 138 125 RDP, g 261 229 33 29 RUP, g 743 758 94 96 NDF, g 3018 2978 382 377 ADF, g 1967 1936 249 245 CF, g 1659 1659 210 210 NFC, g 3160 3049 400 386 Ca, g 42.2 42.2 5.35 5.35 P, g 26.9 20.0 3.40 2.53 NaCl, g 15.8 15.8 2.0 2.0 Mg, g 17.4 11.1 2.2 1.4

Table 24 – Ration for heifers aged 16 months, live weight 430 kg, CP = 0.85 kg

Feed FM, kg FM, % DM, kg DM, %

1 2 3 4 5 Corn silage 10.0 61.0 3.96 50.2 Alfalfa haylage 3.3 20.1 1.240 15.7 Alfalfa hay 1.1 6.8 0.910 11.5 Corn (ground) 0.66 4.0 0.59 7.5 Barley 0.55 3.4 0.480 6.1 Soybean meal 0.33 2.0 0.300 3.8 Sunflower meal. 0.33 2.0 0.300 3.8 Premix for heifers

0.08 0.5 0.080 1.0 and heifers

1 2 3 4 5 Salt 0.016 0.1 0.014 0.2 Chalk 0.016 0.1 0.014 0.2 Total 16.4 100 7.89 100

Per head/day Norm In 1 kg DM Norm DM, kg 7.9 7.9 – – ME, MJ 75.8 75.1 9.6 9.5 CP, g 1090 988 138 125 RDP, g 261 229 33 29 RUP, g 743 758 94 96 NDF, g 3018 2978 382 377 ADF, g 1967 1936 249 245 CF, g 1659 1659 210 210 NFC, g 3160 3049 400 386 Ca, g 42.2 42.2 5.35 5.35 P, g 26.9 20.0 3.40 2.53 NaCl, g 15.8 15.8 2.0 2.0 Mg, g 17.4 11.1 2.2 1.4

Tables 25 and 26 present daily rations for egg-laying ducks of a commercial herd and laying ducks of the "Blagovarsky" cross.

Table 25 – Daily ration for egg-laying ducks of a commercial herd with a combined feeding type (egg-laying intensity

Components Content, g Components Content, g Corn 43.1 The ration contains, g: Wheat 26.0 metabolizable energy, kcal 306.5 Sunflower meal

16.5 ME, MJ 1.28 (40–45 %) Feed yeast

3.5 crude protein 19.4 (40–45 %) Fish meal from non-food crude fiber fish (51–55 %) 5.5 5.34 Bone meal (36–40 %) 0.5 crude fat 3.27 Chalk 3.5 calcium 3.58 Seashell 5.4 phosphorus 0.79 Table salt 0.4 sodium 0.31 Corn silage 20.0 lysine 0.799 Potato 20.0 methionine+cystine 0.690 Total per head Per 1 t of dry mixture

145.6 per day, g added, g Including dry lysine 630

115.0 matter, g methionine 110

Table 26 – Daily ration for laying ducks of the "Blagovarsky" cross

Components Content, g Components Content, g Corn 77 The ration contains, g: Wheat 35.2 metabolizable energy, kcal 755.1 Barley 8 same, MJ 3.16 Sunflower meal 44 crude protein 47.7 Feed yeast 13 crude fat 14.71 Fish meal 8.6 crude fiber 14.03 from non-food fish Meat and bone meal 6.6 Calcium 6.73 Fat 7.6 Phosphorus 2.23 Chalk 13.5 Sodium 1.10 Bone meal 2.7 Lysine 2.00 Table salt 1.6 methionine+cystine 1.59

2.2 Per 1 t of dry Premix mixture added, g: Potato 160 Lysine – Corn silage 50 Methionine 290 Total per head 430 per day, g Including dry matter, g 260

Tables 27 and 28 present rations for geese and compound feed recipes for goslings. Table 27 – Daily ration for geese with a combined feeding type

Components Content, g Components Content, g Corn 57.5 The ration contains, g: Wheat 62.5 metabolizable energy, kcal 823.7 Barley 67.5 same, MJ 3.45 Sunflower meal 25.0 crude protein 46.50 Feed yeast 12.5 crude fat 8.27 Fish meal

3.75 crude fiber 21.90 from non-food fish Meat and bone meal 5.0 calcium 5.05 Bone meal 5.0 phosphorus 2.36 Chalk, seashell 7.5 sodium 0.85 Table salt 1.25 lysine 1.84 Premix (P1-1) 2.5 methionine+cystine 1.59

Per 1 t of dry mixture Potato 175 added, g: Corn silage 175 lysine 730 Total per head

600.0 methionine 700 per day, g Including dry matter, g 330

Table 28 – Recipes for complete compound feed for goslings, %

Components 1-20 21-65 66-240

PK-30 PK-31 PK-32 Corn 32 – – Wheat 30.8 42 12 Barley – 22 45 Oats – – 2 Wheat bran – – 9 Sunflower meal 14 5.5 2 Feed yeast 10 7 4 Fish meal 3 4 – Meat and bone meal 1 2 – Grass meal 5 10 15 Chalk, seashell, limestone 2.5 2 3 Calcium feed phosphate Bone meal 0.5 0.5 0.5 Table salt 0.2 0.5 0.5 Feed fat – 3.5 3.5

100 g of compound feed contains, %: metabolizable energy MJ 1.18 1.17 1.09 crude protein 20.3 18.0 14.0 crude fat 2.6 6.5 – crude fiber 5.5 5.0 8.0 calcium 1.6 1.6 2.0 phosphorus 0.8 0.8 0.8 sodium 0.37 0.4 0.4 lysine 0.956 0.918 0.539 methionine+cystine 0.670 0.425 0.357

Added per 1 t of compound feed, g: lysine 500 720 1200 methionine 1100 2770 1930

Tables 29–32 present sample rations for feeding sheep of different sex and age groups, live weight and physiological condition. Table 29 – Sample rations for ewes with a live weight of 50 kg, per head per day

7–8 weeks 7–8 weeks

1 2 3 4 5 Cereal-forb hay, kg 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Silage, kg 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 Barley meal, kg 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.35

1 2 3 4 5 Grass (clover) meal, kg – 0.2 0.1 0.25 Urea, g – 8 – – Table salt, g 12 13 11 12 Zinc sulfate, mg – 50 – – Copper sulfate, mg 30 30 – – Cobalt chloride, mg 1 – – – The ration contains: EFU 1.47 1.78 1.16 1.68 metabolizable energy, MJ 14.7 17.85 11.55 16.8 dry matter, kg 1.5 1.77 1.34 1.7 crude protein, g 150 214 153 237 digestible protein, g 83 127 88 158 calcium, g 8.6 10.7 9.7 11.9 phosphorus, g 3.5 4.5 3.8 7.4 magnesium, g 6.2 6.8 2.1 3.2 sulfur, g 3.9 5.4 2.6 4.1 iron, mg 1235 1510 1085 1210 copper, mg 14 17 12 15 zinc, mg 48 52 43 50 cobalt, mg 0.6 0.7 0.54 0.65 manganese, mg 65 71 60 68 iodine, mg 0.55 0.6 0.5 0.55 carotene, mg 57 72 58 42 vitamin D, IU 525 785 495 690

Table 30 – Sample rations for fattening adult sheep (live weight 45–50 kg) per 1 head per day

Rations ME, EFU matter, protein, digestible protein, Sulfur, g ergy, cium, g g kg g g mg kg g in, g

Grass hay 0.5 0.37 3.68 0.41 50 23 4.4 1.2 0.43 0.79 5

Corn silage 4.0 0.97 9.66 1.2 100 56 6.0 2.0 6.04 3.48 60