Application regulations for fungicides Oxiхом, Curzate, Topas, and Previcur

treatment Late blight, alternaria blight, Spraying upon disease appearance 0.4-0.6%-1

1.9-2.1; 20 g/ 10 l of water (L) mildew, septoria leaf spot with working solution

Cucumber Downy mildew growing season 0.3-0.4% |

Active ingredient — copper oxychloride (689.5) + cymoxanil (42 g/kg). Combined preparation.

Application recommendations. Three-fold treatment of cucumbers is permitted.

Toxicological characteristics. Hazard class: III. Waiting period: 3 days. Manufacturer: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

TABLE 51. APPLICATION REGULATION FOR KURZATE PREPARATION List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001 Method and time of treat Spraying during Cucumber 2.5-3; 25-30 g/ 10 l of water (L) Downy mildew growing season 0.25-0.39%-+ with working solution. Working solution rate 10 l/ 100 m² Topas. EC

Active ingredient — penconazole (100 g/l).

Advantages of the preparation. Topas provides preventive, curative, and eradicative action combined with low application rates. Compatible with most preparations. Mechanism of action. Penconazole is absorbed systemically and distributed translaminarly in the leaves. It exerts an inhibitory effect on sterol biosynthesis in the cell walls of plant pathogens at the moment of penetration into plant tissue.

Application recommendations. Spraying during the growing season upon the appearance of the first signs of diseases with an interval of 10-14 days. Disease symptoms disappear 2-3 days after treatment. Plants are treated preventively and upon the appearance of the first disease symptoms, thereby preventing their spread. Topas must be alternated with fungicides of other chemical groups. Spraying is carried out consecutively with an interval of seven days. It is not recommended to use the preparation more than four times per season. In a 0.1% concentration, the preparation is used as an eradicative agent in case of high infestation of floral crops with powdery mildew.

Toxicological characteristics. Hazard class: III. Waiting period — three days. Low toxicity for warm-blooded animals. Manufacturer: Syngenta AG.

TABLE 52. APPLICATION REGULATION FOR TOPAS PREPARATION List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001

Working solution conc. Method and time Spraying during g.s.

rust Spraying harvest 0.05% solution Previcur. SL Active ingredient — propamocarb hydrochloride (607 g/l). Belongs to carbamic acid derivatives. These are colorless crystals with a melting point of 45-55°, very hygroscopic, well soluble in water and organic solvents. The mechanism of action of propamocarb is insufficiently studied. It is a locally systemic fungicide, rapidly penetrating into leaves; along with this, Previcur is close to insecticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase. For 10-14 days, it provides curative and preventive action. In the soil, it retains fungitoxicity for up to 60 days. It has a stimulating effect on protected plants.

Advantages of the preparation. Acts systemically; excellent tolerance by plants at any stage of development; stimulates growth and flowering; long-lasting residual protection; good compatibility with other fungicides; effective against pathogens resistant to phenylamides.

Designed for the protection of ornamental plants from the following fungi of the order Oomycetes: Pythium, Aphanomyces, Phytophthora, Peronospora, Pseudoperonospora, and Bremia, which are pathogens of seedling diseases, root rots, stem rots, fruit rots, as well as downy mildew.

TABLE 53. APPLICATION REGULATION FOR PREVICUR PREPARATION List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001.

Method and time of treat E = Gloxinia 15 Late blight upon appearance of first signs

0.15%-solution

Application features. Previcur is used only on moistened substrate so that the active ingredient is continuously absorbed by the plant through the roots. The preparation is most effective when drenching plants upon the appearance of the first disease symptoms. It is possible to add it to the substrate used for growing transplants, or when treating planting material (bulbs and roots) by immersion in the solution.

Efficacy. Currently, the preparation is not registered for cucurbits, but tests of cucumber treatment at a concentration of 0.15-0.25% upon the appearance of the first signs of downy mildew were effective. It was also determined that the optimal interval between treatments should be 7-14 days depending on the degree of infestation. Tests of Previcur against cucumber root rots showed that drenching with a 0.15% solution at the roots (working solution rate - 300 ml/plant), the first time two weeks after transplanting into the soil and the second after 14 days, ensured an efficacy of 79.2%.

Against damping-off and root rots of tomato, seed soaking and watering of transplants with a working Previcur solution before and after picking were used. Seeds were soaked in a 0.15% solution for 24 hours, and transplants were drenched with a 0.1% solution. Efficacy was: against damping-off 97.3%; against root rots — 93% (Komarova, Korunets, 1998).

The use of Previcur reduced the harmfulness of diseases to an economically imperceptible level, delayed the appearance of root rots by 15-20 days, and reduced energy costs by 2-3 times compared to soil steaming.

Toxicological characteristics. Previcur is of low toxicity to warm-blooded animals (LD50 from 2000 to 6300 mg/kg), no delayed effects have been detected. In the soil (under acidic conditions), it is degraded under the influence of microorganisms and hydrolysis. Manufacturer: Aventis CropScience GmbH. Sumilex. SP. Active ingredient: procymidone (500 g/kg). Intended for the control of white and gray mold.

Mechanism of action. Fungicide with preventive and curative action. It possesses moderate systemic properties and accumulates predominantly in the young, growing parts of plants. Inhibits spore germination and mycelium growth of phytopathogenic fungi.

Application features. To prevent the development of resistance in rot pathogens to Sumilex, its applications should be alternated with the use of preparations from the benzimidazole group.

Toxicological characteristics. Hazard class — III. Low toxicity to warm-blooded animals.

Active ingredient — sulfur (800 g/kg). Intended for the control of powdery mildews and various leaf spots. Provides protective action as a fungicide and partially as an acaricide, and also serves as a fertilizer. The new formulation is more advanced than WG. Granules of the new preparation quickly form a stable suspension.

Mechanism of action. Contact preparation with preventive and curative action, effective to a minor degree against mites. Sulfur vapors penetrate into spores and fungal mycelium due to solubility in fungal lipids. Sulfur is a hydrogen acceptor; therefore, it disrupts the course of hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reactions. Hydrogen sulfide is formed in the cells, which inhibits spore germination and mycelium activity. Sulfur also inactivates catalase and binds Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn.

Recommendations for use. Thiovit can be used in tank mixtures with most fungicides and insecticides. Development of resistance to it has not been observed so far. Maximum number of treatments: 5. The effectiveness of sulfur-based preparations is greatly influenced by the formulation (adhesion, dispersibility). At a temperature of 35°, sulfur damages plants, and at temperatures below 20°, it is ineffective.

Toxicological characteristics. Hazard class: IV. The preparation is non-phytotoxic to crops at recommended working solution concentrations. In hot weather, it may cause leaf coarsening. Pumpkins possess increased sensitivity to sulfur, therefore the application rate must be strictly observed. Waiting period: 1 day. 2-5-fold spraying of plants is permitted. Manufacturer: Syngenta AG.

TABLE 55. REGULATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF PREPARATIONS Thiovit, WG and Thiovit, JET List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 200... Method and time of treatment: Spraying of vegetative plants. Rose: 2-3; 20-30 g/10 l. Powdery mildew: vegetation period, 0.3% working solution. Kumulus DF, WG. Active ingredient — sulfur (800 g/kg). Intended for the control of powdery mildews, various leaf spots, and damping-off of seedlings. TABLE 56. REGULATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF PREPARATION KUMULUS List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001. Method and time of treatment: First spraying after the appearance of the first signs, interval 10-12 days. Consumption: 500 l/ha. Spraying and dusting of vegetative plants. Grape: Oidium. Soil drenching in hotbeds 3 days before sowing or transplanting. Spraying of vegetative plants 0.25-0.3%. Consumption of working solution — 800-1000 l/ha.

Advantages of the preparation. Kumulus possesses not only preventive and curative fungicidal action (suppresses disease pathogens) but is also capable of suppressing mites to some extent. Compatible with most fungicides and insecticides in tank mixtures. Development of resistance to Kumulus has not been observed so far.

TABLE 58. REGULATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF COLLOIDAL SULFUR List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS...

Method and time of treatment: 50 kg/ha. Damping-off of nursery plants 3 days before sowing. Spraying during the vegetation period: 0.3-0.4% solution. Powdery mildew, anthracnose, rust.

Mechanism of action. Upon reaching the leaf, sulfur begins to evaporate and suppresses the mycelium of pathogens; the preparation is characterized by gas-phase activity. Therefore, to increase efficiency, greenhouse vents should be closed during and after treatment. Sulfur itself, upon contact with pathogen colonies, also suppresses them and, in addition, is slowly washed off from the treated surface, which ensures fairly long-term plant protection. Side effects: After spraying with the working solution, no spots remain on the leaves, but their surface becomes coarser. In closed ground, the smell of sulfur is perceptible for 1-2 days. Toxicological characteristics. Hazard class: IV, does not cause plant burns and is not dangerous to beneficial insects. Waiting period after treatment — one day. Number of treatments — 4-5. Standard packaging: 25 kg bags and 1 kg packets. Manufacturer: BASF AG. Colloidal sulfur, PS. Active ingredient — sulfur.

Mechanism of action: fungicide of contact action. Sulfur particles that have fallen onto the plant surface evaporate and exert a suppressive effect on the fungal mycelium.

Application features. 5-6 sprayings of plants are allowed.

Hazard class: III. Pre-harvest interval: 1 day. Manufacturer: VNIIHSZR.

Mechanism of action. Sulfur vapors are active in the gas phase. They are heavier than air, so it is advisable to place sulfurators above the plants; then, during night and evening hours with closed vents, maximum effect is achieved in the control of powdery mildew diseases.

{ | Advantages of the preparation. Sulfurators in roses are turned on at night, in vegetable crops — in the evening hours, but not every day, but through. ‚___z | The efficacy on roses and, to a greater extent, on tomatoes and peppers is very high. m, G Application features. It is recommended to use sulfurators on tomatoes and peppers against powdery mildew disease of plants, but not on cucumbers, because gaseous sulfur is phytotoxic to them. First, the edges of the leaves turn brown, then they dry out completely, looking like white paper. - Sy „” | For application, sulfurators of different designs are used. The greatest interest 7” > is aroused by the design represented by a whole system of sulfur evaporators and circulation fans, ensuring uniform distribution of the preparation throughout the greenhouse. Safety precautions. Sulfurators must be technically sound and covered to prevent water ingress. The sulfur used in sulfurators must be dry and in powder form (without lumps). Sulfurators can be turned on after full closing of the vents and should be turned off 3-4 hours before people enter the greenhouse. Upon entering the greenhouse, it should be ensured that there is no sharp acidic smell of sulfur oxide (IV), which may appear if water enters the sulfurator during operation. Fig. 206. SULFURATORS AND FANS IN A ROSE GREENHOUSE. Tekto

Active ingredient — thiabendazole (450 g/kg) from the benzimidazole group.

Distribution in the plant. Thiabendazole is distributed over the surface of bulbs in the form of a thin film, penetrating under the skin.

Mechanism of action. Thiabendazole inhibits mitotic division in phytopathogenic fungi. The preparation is effective against most ascomycetes and deuteromycetes, as well as against some basidiomycetes. Oomycetes and mucorales are insensitive to it. During the germination of disease pathogen spores, Tekto kills the fungal infection, continuing to remain in the developing seedlings and protecting plants from diseases.

Advantages of the preparation. A multifunctional fungicide with curative and preventive action against various diseases (fusarium wilt, rhizoctonia rot, penicillium rot). It is also effective against gray rot and phoma rot.

Recommendations for application: Pre-planting treatment of bulbs is carried out by soaking in a 0.1% suspension for 10 minutes. Application rate of the preparation is 0.4 l/t of bulbs.

TABLE 58. REGULATION OF TEKTO PREPARATION APPLICATION List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001 Crop Application rate (kg/ha) Method and time of treatment Fusarium wilt, rhizoctonia rot, Treatment of bulbs in autumn penicillium rot before planting Fumigation of plants in the greenhouse. Resumption!

Tomato 1 tab./ 100 m? Gray rot of work no earlier than [days after treatment

Toxicological characteristics. Pre-harvest interval — three days. Three-fold treatment of plants is allowed. Low toxicity to environmental objects. Hazard class: IV. Manufacturer: Syngenta AG.

Active ingredient — tolylfluanid (500 g/kg).

The mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of cellular metabolism of fungi. The preparation is most effective against gray rot.

TABLE 59. REGULATION OF EUPAREN MULTI PREPARATION APPLICATION List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001 Crop Application rate (kg/ha) Method and time of treatment First spraying preventive at the phase of:

Cucumber, tomato 1.5-3 2-3 leaves, subsequent ones Gray rot with an interval of 10-14 days. First treatment in the period of Strawberry 1.5-3.75 budding, second — mass flowering, third — after harvesting.

Toxicological characteristics. Pre-harvest interval — three days. Three-fold treatment is allowed. Hazard class for warm-blooded animals and bees — III.

Restrictions for application. Euparen multi should not be mixed with pesticides that have a liquid formulation (EC, SL, etc.). It is incompatible with Bordeaux mixture and sulfur; it is also forbidden to use Euparen multi for 7-10 days after the crop has been treated with one of these preparations. The working solution cannot be stored for long. The preparation is prohibited for use in the sanitary zone of fishery water bodies. Packaging: 20 kg. Manufacturer: Bayer AG.

Bayleton. WP Active ingredient — triadimefon (250 g/kg). Systemic fungicide from the triazole group. Intended for the control of powdery mildew and rust pathogens. TABLE 60. REGULATION OF BAYLETON PREPARATION APPLICATION List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001 Crop Application rate (kg/ha) Method and time of treatment Cucumber 0.2-0.6 Spraying during the growing season with 0.01% solution Powdery mildew 0.75 Spraying during the growing season with 0.05% solution.

Product advantages. It possesses both prophylactic and therapeutic effects; therefore, it should be used at the first signs of disease appearance on plants.

Mode of action. It is distributed throughout the plant translaminarly and systemically from bottom to top via the vascular system. It inhibits the formation of fungal cell membranes, which leads to their death.

Application features. The working concentration is 0.05% for prophylactic treatments and 0.1% upon the appearance of the first signs of disease. In cases of severe powdery mildew, Bayleton is less effective even with repeated use. It is better to use the product as a prophylactic agent.

Toxicological profile: moderately toxic to warm-blooded animals. Hazard class: III; for bees and other beneficial insects, it belongs to the IV hazard class (practically non-hazardous). Maximum frequency of application per season is two times. Waiting period ranges from five days for cucumbers and roses to 10 days for tomatoes. Resumption of work is possible after seven days. There are no restrictions on use in the sanitary zone around fishery water bodies. Standard packaging: 5 kg bag and 25 kg paper sacks. Manufacturer: Bayer AG. Saprol. EC

Active ingredient — triforine (190 g/l). Intended for controlling leaf spots on a wide range of crops, but in a greenhouse, the product is approved

for use only on roses. TABLE 61. REGULATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT SAPROL LIST OF PESTICIDES AND AGROCHEMICALS... Method and time of application during the growing season with a 0.1% solution. Mode of action: systemic-contact product. Toxicological profile. Hazard class: III. Waiting period — three days. Manufacturer: BASF AG. Strobi. WDG. SC

Active ingredient — kresoxim-methyl (500 g/kg), belongs to the strobilurin group.

Intended for controlling late blight, downy mildew, rust, and powdery mildew on vegetable and flower crops in greenhouse conditions.

TABLE 62. REGULATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT STROBI LIST OF PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001 Application rate (kg/ Method and time of application | |

Strawberry powdery mildew, 0.15-0.20 anthracnose late blight (L) spraying during the growing season powdery mildew (L)

Product advantages. Kresoxim-methyl prevents spore formation and germination. The activity of Strobi is manifested over a wide temperature range and at low application rates. The product can be used in combination with biological plant protection products; it is not hazardous to pollinators. Strobi does not lose its high effectiveness even with high levels of precipitation. The activity of Strobi is manifested over a wide temperature range and at low application rates. It degrades rapidly when it reaches the soil. It can be used in tank mixtures with many products.

Mode of action. The gaseous active ingredient is distributed across the leaf surface via diffusion and becomes fixed on the surface of leaves and fruits (quasi-systemic product); it also possesses a weakly expressed translaminar effect. Due to the low rate of evaporation, the product creates a protective gas envelope around the plant, ensuring its effectiveness over a long period. Once it reaches the plant, Strobi prevents spore germination and sporulation of phytopathogenic fungi.

Application features. The product is not phytotoxic, but the number of applications is limited due to the rapid development of pathogen resistance; therefore, Strobi should be used in a system with other fungicides, such as Kumulus, Topas, or Vectra.

Toxicological profile. The product is safe for bees. Hazard class: III. Waiting period: from five days for tomatoes to 10 days for cucumbers.

Standard packaging: 200 g bottle or 20 g bag for small-scale farming. Manufacturer: BASF AG. 3.5. Soil sterilizers Methyl bromide

Active ingredient — 98% technical methyl bromide and 2% chloropicrin as a warning tear gas.

Mode of action. Methyl bromide has a significantly higher specific gravity than air, which facilitates the penetration of the gas into the deeper layers of the soil.

Product advantages: the disinfecting activity of methyl bromide is at a level or

Application rates: 50 to 80 g/m³. Duration of treatment: seven days. Application features: additionally, after treatment, measures are taken to rapidly restore the soil biodiversity of the microbiota using biological products, manure, or compost.

Organic and mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil, followed by ploughing using a rotary tiller. The soil surface is leveled to ensure uniform decontamination.

The soil is loosened with a tiller to a depth of 20-25 cm. It is very important that there are no clods, as the gas flow will flow around them without penetrating inside.

Dry soil is pre-irrigated to a medium moisture state. The optimal soil moisture for fumigation is 60-70% of field capacity.

The optimal soil temperature that ensures uniform distribution of the fumigant and effective treatment is 18-20°C.

Along the perimeter of the greenhouse sections, trenches are dug, into which perforated gas pipes are laid. They are covered with film, the edges of which are pinned down and covered with soil from the inside.

To resolve the issue of whether to apply compost after soil disinfection and the necessity of disinfecting the seedling mixture, phytosanitary control is required. For instance, at AOZT Niva, based on 1996 analysis results, the seedling mixture was steamed, and compost was applied in some greenhouses after the soil was steamed. This led to a reduction in the spread of root rots.

Efficacy. Most dangerous pathogens causing tomato wilt (Pythium, Fusarium, Verticillium, bacteria, etc.) are capable of surviving in the soil; some of them are transmitted by seed, insects, or plant care tools. For Botrytis, for example, the most active form of spread is aerogenic.

Cultures of the main pathogens of tomato wilt are grown on nutrient media and placed into the soil at various depths before fumigation with methyl bromide. Analysis of their viability is conducted after removing the film. Results showed that with methyl bromide fumigation (dosage 50 g/m²), Fusarium fungi remain partially alive, but at higher doses of the fumigant, all pathogens die. It has been established that a fully effective rate of methyl bromide is 60 g/m². To eliminate root-knot nematodes as well, the application rate is increased to 80 g/m² of soil.

Toxicological characteristics. Hazard class — 1. Manufacturer: Bromine Compounds Ltd. Basamid Granular. MG

Active ingredient — dazomet (970 g/kg).

Intended for soil sterilization between crop rotations.

TABLE 63. REGULATIONS FOR THE USE OF BASAMID GRANULAR List of PESTICIDES and AGROCHEMICALS... 2001. Method and time of treatment. The duration of the treatment depends on the soil temperature, humidity, and mechanical composition of the soil, but is no less than 8.

Mechanism of action. When the preparation decomposes in moist soil, gaseous methyl isothiocyanate is released, which is a general biological poison. During the fumigation process, insects, mites, nematodes, germinating weed seeds, fungal mycelium, and active bacteria are killed in the soil.

Application features. High efficiency of the treatment is achieved by observing the technological complex, which includes:

* maintaining optimal soil temperature and soil moisture conditions,

The application rate of the preparation is calculated for incorporation to a depth of 20 cm. If application to a greater depth is necessary, the rate is increased by 15-20 g/m² for every 10 cm of soil thickness.