Dry matter is a key indicator of crop productivity and quality, reflecting the accumulation of organic matter during photosynthesis. Understanding the processes of carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and nucleic acid synthesis is essential for managing plant growth and harvest formation. Regulating this indicator requires deep knowledge of nutritional physiology, including the role of meso- and ultra-microelements, as well as the effective use of mineral and organic fertilizers.
In this selection, we examine the biochemical mechanisms of plant mass formation: from the metabolism of individual elements, such as boron, silicon, and sulfur, to the influence of mineral nutrition conditions on the carbohydrate composition of forage crops. Readers will find information here on the fundamentals of agrochemical analysis of substrates, methods for conducting field trials, and quality assessment of feed. The materials presented will help to systematize knowledge about the chemical structure of organic compounds in plants and optimize agrotechnological approaches to increasing the yield and productivity of agricultural production.