Installation of solar power plants on New Zealand farmland

Several proposals to convert high-quality agricultural land into solar farms are under consideration in the lower North Island. Some of these initiatives are being advanced through the government's fast-track consenting process for projects of significant regional or national importance. Previously, matters regarding the rezoning of dairy land for solar installations fell under the jurisdiction of local councils, which were guided by the National Policy Statement for Highly Productive Land. This document protects the most valuable and productive areas from inappropriate use and fragmentation.

In August, conditional consent was granted for the construction of a solar farm near Foxton covering approximately 400 hectares. In the Manawatū-Rangitīkei region, two similar applications are being considered through the fast-track process, along with one in Taranaki. Specifically, the projects cover sites near Marton, as well as 433 hectares in Bunnythorpe and 150 hectares near Huirangi. Earlier, in 2024, the construction of a solar power station on approximately 180 hectares of land near Opunake (South Taranaki) was approved, while other initiatives mentioned include a 450-hectare project in Stratford and a 48-hectare facility in Kaponga.

Representatives of Federated Farmers note the importance of renewable energy development and acknowledge the advantages of solar power stations, including rapid construction, low installation costs, and zero operational emissions. Nevertheless, the organisation expresses concern that high-productive Class 1 and 2 lands, which hold the greatest value for crop production and livestock farming, are being allocated for such facilities. According to the association's experts, the withdrawal of such areas could deprive the country of their productive potential for decades, and soil restoration after equipment decommissioning does not guarantee the return of its former condition.

Amid rising costs, weather risks, and increasing regulatory pressure, long-term land leasing for solar parks may look like an attractive solution for landowners, yet this may not align with the long-term interests of the state. In this regard, the organisation suggests locating solar farms primarily on less versatile land, industrial sites, rooftops, car parks, and near existing power grids. When productive land is used, it is proposed to require a rigorous assessment of alternatives, as well as soil protection and drainage measures.

At the same time, opinions within the organisation are divided. Taranaki Federated Farmers President Nick Brown notes the right of landowners to manage their land independently, while pointing to the need for a clear justification of the benefit to the local community. Board member and energy spokesperson Greg Anderson emphasises a shared commitment to the principle of private property, but draws attention to potential issues for neighbours, such as restrictions on fertilizer application.