What you need to know about dermatophilosis in cattle

The disease, also known as streptothricosis or "lumpy wool", is caused by the Gram-positive filamentous actinomycete Dermatophilus congolensis. This pathogen actively develops in warm and humid conditions, persisting on the skin of carrier livestock animals and in the environment until favorable conditions for reproduction arrive. The disease is moderately contagious and is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated equipment, which is facilitated by overcrowding and poor hygiene. Ticks also participate in the transmission of the bacterium, as their bites create skin lesions for the infection to enter.

The pathology manifests as scabs and crusty lesions, leading to economic losses due to reduced growth rates, decreased milk production, and hide damage. Without treatment, chronic skin damage, secondary infections, and in severe cases, emaciation and death of young or weakened livestock animals are possible. The infection is also potentially hazardous to humans: people can contract it through contact with lesions or contaminated materials, although this occurs rarely and is usually limited to local skin lesions.

For the prevention and control of dermatophilosis, specialists recommend regularly inspecting livestock (especially the back, rump, and flanks at least once a week in warm and humid weather), thoroughly disinfecting tools after each use, controlling ticks, and providing livestock animals with a balanced diet containing vitamins and minerals to support immunity. If the disease is suspected, it is necessary to consult a veterinarian for accurate diagnosis using laboratory methods and to prescribe treatment aimed at eliminating the infection and healing.