The problem of plastic pollution in South African pastures and risks to livestock

Given the limited grazing land and irregular waste collection, livestock animals on communal lands are forced to ingest plastic along with vegetation. The situation worsens during periods of drought, when the natural feed base becomes insufficient. According to the farmers interviewed, the current waste management system does not allow for effective pollution control, as even with cleanliness maintained on one's own plots, it is impossible to prevent waste from being carried by the wind or the appearance of illegal dumpsites in public areas.

The ingestion of plastic by animals carries long-term risks. There is a possibility that microplastics may accumulate in manure, which is traditionally used by rural residents as an organic fertilizer. This poses a potential threat to soil quality and the sustainability of agricultural systems as a whole.

Farmers strive to minimize the damage by taking independent measures: fencing off livestock, clearing pastures, and using traditional remedies, such as a mixture of vinegar and Coca-Cola, to remove foreign objects from the digestive system. However, scientific data on the effectiveness of such methods remains limited. Many livestock breeders note that due to their remote location or the high cost of services, they do not have access to professional veterinary care.

Farmers express a willingness to stop using plastic, but point to the lack of accessible alternatives. Traditional methods of disposal, such as composting, burning, or burying waste, are not suitable for plastic, as it remains in the environment for decades.

Solving the problem requires a comprehensive approach, including improving waste collection infrastructure, developing a recycling system, and combating illegal dumpsites. The need to expand government support for agricultural producers is also noted, including the provision of feed during drought periods, the provision of veterinary services, and the organization of outreach activities within communities.