The number of bluetongue virus cases in livestock is increasing in the UK.

A particularly difficult situation is emerging in South West England and Wales. The spread of the infection is linked to hot and humid weather, which contributes to the activity of midges — the vectors of the bluetongue virus. The disease affects sheep, cattle, goats, deer, and camelids such as alpacas and llamas. Among sheep, the risk of mortality is the highest.

Symptoms of the disease include fever, lameness, swelling of the mucous membranes and head, mouth ulcers, respiratory problems, a decrease in milk yield, as well as miscarriages and stillbirths. Sick livestock animals become weak and refuse feed. Specialists emphasize that vaccination remains the most effective method of protection. In the UK, three vaccines have been approved to combat serotype 3 (BTV-3), with additional supplies organized with the support of Defra and the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD).

Farmers are advised to discuss the advisability of vaccination with their veterinarians, as the development of immunity takes time. Even in areas where the virus is already circulating, healthy animals can gain protection from the application of the preparation. Farm owners are required to inspect animals regularly and, upon suspicion of infection, immediately report it to the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA). Bluetongue is a notifiable disease by law.

At present, movement restriction zones are in place in England and Wales, allowing the movement of livestock without a license; however, controls on movements between parts of the UK remain, including requirements for mandatory testing prior to transport. The Pirbright Institute is processing a large volume of samples, so veterinarians are requested to fill out documentation carefully and accurately identify animals to speed up diagnostics.