The first case of anthrax in livestock in 2026 has been reported in South Dakota

Information about the disease was published on September 3. State Veterinarian Dr. Mendel Miller reported that a herd of cows and calves began experiencing unexplained deaths while grazing in Butte County, where the infection is believed to have occurred. The livestock were later moved to Meade County, where they continued to show symptoms. This is the first confirmed case of anthrax in the state since 2024.

The diagnosis was confirmed by the South Dakota State University Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory based on samples provided by the herd's own veterinarian. The affected herd is under quarantine, and neighboring farm owners have been notified. The department also intends to isolate any additional herds in which the disease is detected. In response to the diagnosis, adult livestock at the affected farm were vaccinated.

Dr. Mendel Miller noted the importance of prevention and early consultation with veterinarians when the disease is suspected, emphasizing the effectiveness of the vaccine. Authorities recommend that producers do not move the carcasses of suddenly dead animals before a diagnosis is established due to the risk of spore dissemination. The standard method of disposal is burning and burial.

The causative agent is the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which forms spores in the soil that can survive indefinitely in the ground and resist heat, cold, and desiccation. Common triggers for bringing spores to the surface are weather conditions such as drought, floods, and strong winds, after which grazing livestock ingest them.

South Dakota Stockgrowers Association Executive Director Doris Laing noted that vaccination is a standard practice on her own farm. Regional livestock farmers, especially in areas with a history of anthrax, are advised to consult with veterinarians regarding herd vaccination and to report sudden livestock deaths to the Animal Industry Board.