Rules for harvesting and storage of onions

Determining the harvesting time is based on natural changes in the development of the bulbs, which usually reach maturity by the end of the growing season. The timing may vary from mid to late summer, depending on the planting date, rainfall, and temperature conditions. The key external sign of readiness for most cultivars intended for long-term storage is the lodging of the tops.

To minimize damage during harvesting, dry weather should be chosen. The process of extracting the bulbs requires care: the soil is loosened beforehand with garden forks or by hand to prevent punctures and cuts. The plant should be extracted from the soil by the bulb itself, avoiding sharp jerks on the leaves, which can lead to the formation of dents or cracks. After extraction, soil residues are carefully removed from the vegetables; washing the harvested onions is not recommended, as excess moisture slows down the drying process.

Before placing them into storage, the harvest is inspected, separating specimens with signs of rot, soft areas, or mechanical damage — these should be consumed first. Healthy bulbs with an intact outer skin are placed in a moisture-protected area.

The curing process is carried out in a dry, ventilated room, leaving the roots and tops until the outer scales and the neck have completely dried. It is important to maintain a balance and avoid over-drying. Properly prepared onions are moved to a cool place with good ventilation, away from direct sunlight. Mesh bags, slatted crates, or baskets that ensure air circulation are best suited for storage. The use of plastic bags or airtight containers is not allowed, as they provoke moisture accumulation and the development of rot.

It is recommended to store onions separately from fruits and vegetables that release moisture. During storage, it is necessary to regularly check the condition of the harvest, removing sprouted or damaged bulbs. If these storage conditions, based on the characteristics of each cultivar, are observed, the preservation and quality of the onions are ensured throughout the season.