Research has identified hantavirus infection risks on wildlife farms.

Between August 2023 and March 2024, a survey of workers on wildlife farms in Vietnam was conducted. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to hantavirus were detected in 8.9% of study participants, indicating past exposure to the infection. Furthermore, 1.9% of those examined showed an active phase of infection at the time of sampling, although no disease outbreaks were recorded during this period.

Farm managers were at the highest risk, even in the absence of direct contact with animals—such as hunting, trading, slaughtering, or consuming them. It is hypothesized that the cause of infection may be a low level of hygiene and a lack of personal protective equipment. Humans can become infected by inhaling microparticles containing secretions, saliva, or excrement of infected wild rodents, including those outside of farming operations.

To clarify the type of virus and its carriers, additional genetic studies are required, including reverse transcription PCR and sequencing. Currently, the specific variant of the hantavirus has not been identified, as the tests used during the work (ELISA) only show the fact of contact with the pathogen but do not allow for the determination of its strain.

Experts emphasize the importance of the "One Health" approach, which unites the efforts of physicians, veterinarians, and wildlife experts to develop practical recommendations. Necessary safety measures include the mandatory use of protective equipment when working with animals and sanitizing cages.

Despite the existence of legislation on wildlife farming in Vietnam, its enforcement remains insufficient, and animal health monitoring is limited. According to the study's authors, improving the epidemiological surveillance system and informing the public through accessible communication channels will help reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission to humans, both in Vietnam and in other countries where wildlife handling is prevalent.