Causes of scabs and crusts on the skin in livestock animals

The formation of crusts and scabs is accompanied by itching, hair loss, and inflammation. Such symptoms damage livestock animal welfare and farm profitability, therefore proper diagnosis is essential to prevent the spread of diseases and reduce economic losses. Factors causing the appearance of scabs are divided into parasitic infestations, fungal and bacterial infections, as well as environmental influences.

To prevent herd infection, it is primarily recommended to isolate the sick livestock animal, examine the lesions, and consult a veterinarian as soon as possible. Self-treatment may prove ineffective, worsen the condition, or contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. Veterinary specialists perform diagnostic tests, prescribe medications, and provide prevention recommendations.

Skin condition is affected by nutrient deficiencies (in particular, zinc, copper, selenium, and vitamin A), stress, as well as genetic factors and breed characteristics. For example, the bacterial infection dermatophilosis requires the removal of crusts and the use of antibiotics, while ringworm is a zoonotic disease transmitted from livestock animals to humans. Prevention includes maintaining clean and dry bedding, ventilation of facilities, pest control, and compliance with hygiene rules.